2) The universe can't always have existed because a) heat death would be far greater than it is . . .
The heat death argument overlooks a number of points. First, the Second Law of Thermodynamics is probabilistic. A closed system
can fluctuate between increasing and decreasing entropy states (it's just highly improbable). Given an eternity of time, the present entropy state of the universe is
not an impossibility. Second, the heat death argument assumes that the universe as a whole is a closed system. Taken as a whole, a spatially limitless universe would not be subject to entropy. Applying the concept of energy to the universe as a whole drops the context in which entropy has been observed to occur (closed systems), and applies it to an entirely different context (an eternal, spatially unlimited whole).
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