1) You assume causation requires the chronology of time, but that idea is disproven by the fact that time can't cause itself since all things in nature have a cause including time. Therefore, before time began, the uncreated brought time into existence along with nature. God couldn't create time and the universe from time, because that would not be creating out of Himself.

2) We are made in God's image. We have a mind. He reveals His mind to us by the Holy Spirit.

3) We know God exists because unconsciousness cannot produce consciousness anymore than a bird house could produce a bird. Therefore, we do know God exists. You should be embarrased by how hard you fight the obvious. I would be.

The Triune God reveals Himself in all 3 points raised. The Person of Jesus Who created and entered time; the Person of the Holy Ghost Who convicts, convinces us and draws us near to God; and the Person of God the Father Whom the Lord Jesus is in perfect obedience to, to show us perfect obedience.

Praise the Lord!