Assume Nothing When You Read Romans 9 Then Go to 1 Tim. 4.10

Read Romans 9 in the context of someone blaming the way God does things without being Calvinist.

Choosing Jacob instead of Esau is not Calvinistic, but God foreknowing their free choice (v.13).

Showing someone more mercy than another is not Calvinistic (vv.14-16), but it is sufficient grace given to have the free choice. Thus, some people need more mercy.

The first active instance of hardening, John Piper said, was the Pharaoh hardening his own heart first (vv.17-18). God, thus, has a right to harden the Pharaoh's heart further. No blame needed there.

Misperceiving God as being Calvinistic doesn't mean God is Calvinistic (v.19).

Just because Paul didn't go into a dissertation of why Calvinism is wrong doesn't mean it is wrong. He is just siding with God's way of doing things whatever that may be.

Why think the Potter making the clay is Calvinistic (vv.20-21)? Can't the clay be such that it has received sufficient grace to all to have the free choice?

1 Tim. 4.10 is a verse that 100% proves Calvinism is false. Let it be your touchstone.